Vaporizer



Aug. 27, 1935. H, TURNER 2,012,525

VAPORIZER Filed 061;. 29, 1934 $15k IIIIIIIIII IYIIII III] E I I Patented Aug. 27, 1935 VAPORIZER Harold H. Turner, Chioago,.Ill., assignor to International Harvester Company, a corporation of New Jersey A lication-outlier 29, 1934, ScrialNo. 750.5 13 4 v 8 Claims. Thisinvention relates to a charge'foriningdevice for internal combustion engines. More specifically it relates to an improved vaporizer and carburetor for handling heavy oils not adaptable a. for use in conventional carburetors.

v In the operation of internal combustion engines it is desirable to use thelowest grade fuel which can be satisfactorily handled by the charge forming system of the engine". In the use of fuels 1 of a lower grade, than kerosene, it is necessary in spray carburetors to utilize heat in order to obtain a mixture which can be made sufiiciently homogeneous to obtain satisfactory distribution in a manifold. The use of-any petroleum product appreciably less in volatility than kero sene'has resulted in many difficulties; -The principal dim-- culty is the cracking of the fuel oil with the formation of. sludge, free carbon, coke, ash, andother similar products. a q,

ing of the fuel; and in forming a satisfactory mixture at various load conditions of the engine and under various temperatureconditions; The utilization of hot exhaust-gases as a means of direct heating of a sprayed fuel is shown in the Dasey Patent No.-l,344,793 dated June 29, 1920. As an improvement in the device shownin the Dasey patent they-pending United States application, Serial No. 693,'726- filed Qct; 16, 1933, in the name of Johnson et al., shows a vaporizerof a type in which applicants improvement has been embodied. a

Theprincipal object of the present invention is. toHprovide, in an improved fuel vaporizer and carburetor for handling low grade fuel, means to facilitate removal of the carbondepositlformed during operation. Another objectis to provide a control mechanism operable to admit an oxidizing medium to the vaporizing chamber for-the cornbustion of deposits therein wither-shift from a low grade of fuel to a fuel readily vaporizable.

The above defined objects and others, which will be apparent from the description to follow, are attained bya devicesuch as illustrated, in the drawing,;in, which the single figure is a section taken throughthe center of a. vaporizer particularly constructed to be applied to a multiple cylinder engine. a i I r In the drawing, a manifold [Dis illustrated as being-integrallyformed with a casing l2, which houses the vaporizer. Said, casing consists of.;a cylindrical wall I 3 closed at the top by spaced end walls I4 and i5 and open at the bottom. A conical vaporizing chamber l6 is-fitted through the open end wallwith the. large diameter. of the Another difficulty is encountered the meterconical portion fitted in a gas-tight manner: againstthe lower side of the end wall 15. At the bottom of the conical portion a hemispherical ex-.

tension I1 is formed with a flange l8 fitting within the lower extremity of the cylindrical wall I 3. A hemispherical cap I9 is fitted in a gastight manner over the extension l1, forming a substantial spherical expansion and receiving chamber. 20,

Said chamber communicates, through a restrict.

ed opening 2|, with the interior of the conical; vaporizing chamber IS. A clamping member 221s secured-to the bottom of the casing by cap-screws 23 and is providedwith'a clamping screw member. 24 forclamping the cap- I9 removablyimposition A mixture outlet conduit25 extends upwardly through the spaced end members l4 and 15 from a central point in thevaporizing chamber 16 into the main air inlet conduit- 26. Said conduit 25 terminates in the low pressure area of a Venturi throat formedjin the conduit 26 by a suitably shaped member 21'. An air inlet conduit 2800111 municates with the conduit/ 26 at one end. The other end of said conduit, provided with a throttle valve 29, is-adapted to communicate with the inlet manifold ofthe engine as in conventional engine design; w m 1 ,A conventional float bowl 30 is connected,- as diagrammatically illustrated, with two sources of fuel; 3| and 32, controlled; respectively,by valves 33 and 34. A three-way valve arrangement is provided at the, outlet from the float chamber 39.: A rotary valve'member 35, fitted in a valve cage 36, is provided with a duct 31 extending on a diameter of thevalve and a duct 38 at right angles tothe duct 31. A fuel conduit 39 connects the valve cage withfuel discharge openings 40 in the Venturi member 21. A fueloutlet conduit 4! con-, nectsthe valve cage with-a conduit 42 formed in the casing [2 leading to an annular channel 43 formed in a fuel nozzle member 44. Said channel communicates through an opening 45 witha fuel nozzle 46.

The nozzle 46 extends through an exhaust gas conduit 41 cored in-the casing l2 into a ,venturi throat 49 communicating tangentially through the end wall l5 with the interior of the vaporizing chamber. The passage-way 4! communicates, through an opening 50 formed in the, cylindrical wall i3, with the space between the wall I3 and the vaporizing chamber wall l6. Said space, as illustrated, communicates with the exhaust conduitlfl whereby hot exhaust gasesare delivered to said space and therefrom through the opening SQinto-the-conduit 41.. I

Inthe-outer casingwall forming the conduit41 a poppet type valve 5| is mounted for reciprocation in a guide member 52 screw-fitted into an opening formed in the casing. The member 52 is cut away to form openings 52 for air flow when the valve 5| is off its seat formed around the interior end of the member 52. A spring 53 resiliently seats the valve 5| against the member 52.

A bracket 54, secured to the casing I2, pivotally;

supports a rocker arm 55, which is formed with a head engaging the stem of the valve 5!. An

actuating link 56 secured to the rocker arm 55 is secured to a lever arm 51 on a control lever 58..

Said lever is also provided with a lever arm 59,, to

which a control link G is pivotally secured. The] link 60 is also pivotally secured to a lever arm 6| secured to the rotary valve 35.

In the operation of the charge forming device as above described, the suction produced by the engine in the conduit 26 and the pressure proon the nozzle 46 may be of any construction known in the carbureting art. The mixture of exhaust gas and fuel is heated in the vaporizing chamber and passes out through the conduit 25 to the Venturi throat formed by themernber 21 where said mixture ismixed with air sufficient for complete combustion in the engine.

For starting an engine equipped witha device as above described, it is necessary to provide some auxiliary means, or to use a more volatile fuel. To provide for starting, 'a volatile fuel-maybe supplied through the conduit 3|, assuming that the conduit 33 is utilized for supplying the heavy fuel. By operation of the lever 58, the float bowl is put into communication with the conduit 39 whereby fuel is delivered directly to the Venturi member 2'! and out through the openings 40'. When operating in this manner with a volatile fuel, ignition'may be accomplished in the usual manner..

After the engine is in operation ona volatile fuel and is warmed up, whereby the exhaust gases heat the vaporizing chamber IE to the required temperature, the lever 58 is'shifted to put the fuel bowl into communication with the nozzle 46. The valves 33 and 34 are adjusted to deliver heavy fuel to the float bowl. In this position of opera tion, exhaust gases are delivered through the opening 50. Unvaporized fuel and other impurities and deposits, which forminthe vaporizing chamber, l6, collect on the walls thereof, some of the material passing downwardly and intothe chamber 20, Said chamber serves, therefore, as a receptacle for such material inaddition to an expansion chamber toremove tosome extent the pulsating effect of the exhaust gason the fuel metering nozzle 46.' i v v f After the engine has been in operation for a substantial length of time, an appreciable carbon deposit, depending upon the'grade of fuel used, may form upon the wall of the vaporizing chamber. ,Such a deposit insulates the wall from-heat transmission and reduces the efficiencyof the device, particularly from the vaporizing standpoint. It is particularly to remove such deposits and to overcome this difliculty of operation that the present device was constructed. By operating the lever 58, the valve is shifted to seat around the opening l5 and to thereby close said opening. At the same time fuel is delivered directly to the Venturi member 21. With the vaporizing chamber in a highly heated condition as the result of continued operation, air admitted through the member 52 rapidly oxidizes the deposits in the vaporizing chamber and puts the device in condition for continued operation or for renewed operation without an initial start.

. Although applicant has shown and described aparticular form of his improved charge forming device for internal combustion engines, it is to be understood that he claims as his invention all modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims.

\ What is claimed is: 1.-A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising a main air inlet, a

suction producing means associated with said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from'said chamber to the suction producing means, an exhaust gas-conduit communicating with the vaporizing chamber, a suction producing means in said conduit, a fuel supply chamber, valve controlled means for supplying fuel from said chamber to the suction producing means in the main air inlet and to the suction producing means in the exhaust gasconduit, means for supplying air to said exhaust gas conduit, and means for-regulating the supply of exhaust gas and air to said conduit,

2. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising a main air inlet, a suction producing means associated with said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the suction producing means, an exhaust gas conduit communicating with the vaporizing chamber, a suction producing means in said conduit, a fuel supply chamber, valve controlled means for supplying fuel from said chamber to the suction producing means in the main air inlet and to the suction producing means in the exhaust gas conduit, means for supplying air'to said exhaust gas conduit, and a single valve for regulating the supply of exhaust gas'and air to said conduit.

'3. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising a main 'air inlet, a suction producing means associated with said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the suction producing means, an exhaust gas conduit communicating with the vaporizing chamber, a suction producing means in said conduit, a fuel supply chamber, means for supplying fuel from said chamber to the suctionproducingmeans in the exhaust gas conduit, means forsupplying air to said exhaust gas conduit, and means to cut off the supply of exhaust gas thereto. 7

4. A heavy fuel vaporizer and carburetor for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture inlet, a Venturi throat in said inlet, a vaporizing chamber,;an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the Venturi throat, an inlet conduit communicating with the engine exhaust conduit and with the vaporizing chamber, a Venturi throat in said conduit, means for supplying fuel 'to saidventuri throats, and means to cut off the supply of exhaust gas to the vaporizing chamber and tosupply air thereto.

5. A'heavy fuel vaporizer and carburetor for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture inlet, a Venturi throat in said inlet, a vaporizingchamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the Venturi throat, an inlet conduit communicating with the engine exhaust conduit and with the vaporizing chamber, a Venturi throat in said conduit, means for supplying fuel to said Venturi throats, and a single valve to cut off the supply of exhaust gas to the vaporizing chamber and to supply air thereto.

6. A heavy fuel vaporizer and carburetor for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture inlet, a Venturi throat in said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the Venturi throat, an inlet conduit communicating with the engine exhaust conduit and with the vaporizing chamber, a Venturi throat in said conduit, means for supplying fuel selectively to each of the Venturi throats, and valve control means operatively connected to said means to cut off the supply of exhaust gas to the vaporizing chamber and to supply air thereto when fuel is supplied to the mixture inlet Venturi throat.

'7. A heavy fuel vaporizer and carburetor for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture inlet, a Venturi throat in said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the Venturi throat, an inlet conduit communicating with the engine exhaust conduit and with the vaporizing chamber, a Venturi throat in said conduit, means for supplying fuel to each of the Venturi throats, and a single valve to cut oil the supply of exhaust gas to the vaporizing chamber and to supply air thereto when fuel is supplied to the. mixture inlet Venturi throat.

8. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising a main air inlet, a suction producing means associated with said inlet, a vaporizing chamber, an outlet conduit leading from said chamber to the suction producing means, a heating jacket around said chamber, means for supplying exhaust gas to said jacket, an exhaust gas conduit connected with said jacket and communicating with the vaporizing chamber, a suction producing means in said conduit, a fuel supply chamber, valve controlled means for supplying fuel from said chamber to either the suction producing means in the main air inlet or to the suction producing means in the exhaust gas conduit, means for supplying air to said exhaust gas conduit, and valve means for regulating the supply of exhaust gas and air to said conduit.

HAROLD H. TURNER. 

